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Overview

I work primarily on early modern moral and political philosophy, especially the work of Benedict Spinoza. I am currently writing a book about individuation and social ontology in the early modern period in which I examine the metaphysical commitments behind early modern theories of the body politic and examine the normative significance of these commitments.

Publications

     BOOKS

• Humility: A History (ed.), Oxford, 2025
• The Cambridge Spinoza Lexicon, (co-edited with ), Cambridge, 2025
• Spinoza (with ), Polity, 2020
• Spinoza’s Political Psychology: The Taming of Fortune and Fear, Cambridge, 2018
  
  PAPERS           
          
• “Spinoza’s Motivational Pluralism,” Philosophers’ Imprint, forthcoming
• “Humility as a Philosophical Concept: An Introduction,” in Humility: A History, ed. Justin Steinberg (Oxford, 2025).
• “Is the Cosmological Argument Intuitive?” (with Shaun Nichols), in Religious Studies, 61, Special Issue 1 (2025), 22-44.
• “Desire,” “Freedom (Political),” “Law (Political),”  “State,” and “Theologico-Political Treatise,” in The Cambridge Spinoza Lexicon, eds. Karolina Hübner and Justin Steinberg (Cambridge, 2025).
• “Russian Marxism and Materialist Readings of Spinoza,” in The History and Philosophy of Materialism, eds. John Symons and Charles Wolfe (Routledge, 2024), 351 – 363.
• “Spinoza’s Political Philosophy,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (revised 2024),
• “Solomon,” in The Bloomsbury Companion to Spinoza, second edition, eds. Wiep van Bunge, Henri Krop, Piet Steenbakkers, and Jeroen van de Ven (Bloombury, 2024).
• “Spinoza and Spinozism in Twenty-First Century Anglo-American Philosophy” (Proceedings from The Global Reception of Spinoza’s Thought Conference, Rotterdam), Journal of Spinoza Studies, 3.1 (2023), 63–75.
• “The Affirmative Mind: Spinoza on Striving under the Attribute of Thought,” Ergo, 10 (2023)
• “Enthusiasm, Superstition, and the Radical Enlightenment from Hobbes to Hume” in Fanaticism and the History of Fanaticism, ed. Paul Katsafanas (Routledge, 2023), 67 – 82.
• “Spinoza’s Dynamic Theory of Mind in the 21^st ���Գٳܰ���,” Journal of Spinoza Studies (inaugural volume, invited submission), 1.1 (2022), 111 – 120.
• “Striving, Happiness, and the Good: Spinoza as Follower and Critic of Hobbes,” in A Blackwell Companion to Hobbes, ed. Marcus Adams (Wiley-Blackwell Press, 2021), 431 – 447.
• “ ‘Stop Being So Judgmental!’: A Spinozist Model of Personal Tolerance,” in The Palgrave Handbook of Toleration, ed. Mitja Sardoc (Palgrave Press, 2021), 1 – 17.
• “Spinoza on Security and the Value of Hope,” part of critical exchange, “Spinoza: Thoughts on Hope in our Political Present,” ed. Moira Gatens, Contemporary Political Theory, 20 (2020), 200 – 231.
• “Politics as a Model of Pedagogy in Spinoza,” Ethics and Education, 15:2 (2020), 158 – 172.
• “Spinoza on Civil Agreement and Bodies Politic,” in Spinoza and Relational Autonomy: Being with Others, eds. Aurelia Armstrong, Keith Green, and Andrea Sangiacomo (Edinburgh, 2019), 132 – 148.
• “Spinoza and Political Absolutism,” in Spinoza’s Political Treatise: A Critical Guide, eds. Hasana Sharp and Yitzhak Melamed (Cambridge, 2018), 175 – 189.
• “Two Puzzles Concerning Spinoza’s Conception of Belief,” European Journal of Philosophy, 26:1 (2018), 261 – 282.